Topic collection
Thinking & decisions
10 evidence-aware introductions, organized to help you connect concepts rather than memorize labels.
10 articles
Anchoring
The influence of an initial value on later numerical estimates, even when the starting point is weakly informative.
Availability heuristic
Estimating likelihood or frequency partly from how easily examples come to mind.
Confirmation bias
The tendency to seek, interpret, and remember information in ways that fit an existing belief.
Dunning–Kruger effect
A debated pattern in which low performers may have difficulty accurately evaluating their own performance.
Framing effect
A shift in preference caused by presenting equivalent information in different ways.
Hindsight bias
After learning an outcome, seeing it as more predictable than it was beforehand.
Loss aversion
In many choices, a loss relative to a reference point weighs more heavily than an equal-sized gain.
Overconfidence
Confidence that is higher than the accuracy or precision of one’s judgments warrants.
Representativeness heuristic
Judging probability by similarity to a prototype, sometimes underweighting base rates.
Sunk cost effect
Continuing because of resources already spent even when only future costs and benefits should guide the choice.